Windows 11

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YZ22B338807（讨论 | 贡献）2022年10月30日 (日) 22:34的版本
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Windows 11
开发代号 Cobalt, Nickel, Copper
内核 NT 10
架构 x64，ARM64
发行日期 2021/10/04
主流支持 根据版本更新情况而定
拓展支持 根据版本更新情况而定
许可协议 最终用户许可协议
正式版本 10.0.22000.194.co_release_svc_prod1.210911-1543
家族顺序
上一个版本 Windows 10
相对应版本 Windows Server 2025
下一个版本 无

Windows 11 是微软推出的基于 NT 10.0 内核的操作系统家族，取代了Windows 10。Windows 11初始版本于2021年10月4日发布的，作为Windows Update的免费更新。它有着新的用户界面，还有其他基于Windows 10的改进。

此版本完全抛弃了了32位支持，因此移除了16位子系统以及NTVDM，仅支持ARM64和AMD64，然而Wow64子系统仍然存在，它提供32位支持。Windows 11要求基于UEFI安全启动的固件，以及TPM（可信平台模块），所以拒绝一些完全支持Windows 10的电脑升级，但是可以通过DISM部署wim来全新安装，但在右下角会有配置不符合水印。

此版本拒绝从Windows 7，Windows 8和Windows 8.1升级，只能从Windows 10升级。

历史

Microsoft在2020年到2021年期间开发了Mangenese，Iron，Cobalt（使用Windows 10 UI），他们不属于任何一个RTM版本的Windows（虽然Iron开发了服务器版本的RTM 20348.1）。

系统要求

Microsoft建议Windows 11至少需要被安装在基于DirectX 12的显示适配器、支持UEFI安全启动的固件、TPM 2.0、4 GB运存、64 GB硬盘空间的1 GHz双核处理器上。英特尔酷睿7代、AMD Zen+ 和高通骁龙850之前的处理器无法运行Windows 11。

安装时用DISM.exe部署wim即可跳过如上的要求。如果这样做， Windows 11可以在最早支持x86-64的处理器上运行，例如奔腾4和速龙 64。 (然而Windows Update不支持获取这些处理器的更新)。Windows 11 还可以在低至512 MB的运存的机器上运行, 但是这种情况下，可用性极低。

批评

在发布 Windows 11之后，新版本因其最低系统要求的显著增加而受到很大批评。根据微软的说法，新的操作系统需要一个带有UEFI固件的64位系统，该系统支持安全启动并包括TPM 2.0模块。此外，该公司还发布了兼容处理器列表，其中仅包括英特尔的Coffee Lake系列CPU和更新版本，以及AMD的Zen 2处理器（包括部分Zen +型号）和更新版本。新要求被称作人为的，因为它们在旧的前提下将许多旧计算机排除在Windows 11升级之外，即使它们可能能够在几乎没有性能问题的情况下运行Windows 11。

微软解释说，新要求以安全性，可靠性和兼容性原则为指导，尽管该公司还承诺在发布之前重新评估合格系统列表。英特尔Kaby Lake和AMD Zen 1架构曾一度被考虑用于升级资格，但是微软最终选择在最终版本中仅支持选定的Kaby Lake CPU。作为有限的例外，TPM 2.0和CPU要求也暂时未强制实施在开发频道中注册的用户，以便收集有关系统要求的更多数据。该例外已于8月31日停止，当时所有不符合条件的系统都已从预览体验计划中删除。

提出的要求仅适用于通过 Windows 更新进行的升级。通过使用旨在允许企业评估新版本的解决方法，可以在不受支持的系统上通过下载安装介质手动安装 Windows 11，尽管该公司还表示此类系统将无法接收任何未来的功能更新。[24]

Development

新功能（待翻译）

21H2

用户界面

The user interface in Windows 11 was completely redesigned to align with the Fluent Design System incorporating greater use of translucency, shadows, a new color palette, and rounded geometry. It also features heavy use of Mica which is an opaque, dynamic transparency effect that is tinted with the theme and desktop wallpaper to paint the background of windows. Window frames also now use rounded corners. The design of many system icons has been updated to align with the Fluent Design System along with revamped theme-dependent system sounds. The Windows startup sound was also revamped for the first time since Windows Vista and is now enabled by default after having been disabled by default since Windows 8, Windows 8.1 and Windows 10. The design of the lock screen and the login screen has also been refreshed with the time now being centered in the upper half of the lock screen. Many of the control elements on the login screen like the text box and buttons have also been updated to use rounded corners and iconography.


The Start menu has also been significantly redesigned with a centered design. The Live Tiles have been completely removed and replaced by a grid of pinned applications and it also incorporates a Recommended section that shows recently opened files and applications and an All Apps menu that displays a list of installed applications while a search box was added at the top of the menu.


The Taskbar was completely rewritten using WinUI and XAML and features more colorful icons and animations for taskbar icons. The taskbar buttons are now centered by default, although they can be reverted back to the left alignment design in Settings. The flyouts for network, sound and power have been combined into a single button which opens the Quick Settings flyout, which contains quick access settings for network, Bluetooth, volume and more. The Action Center and calendar flyouts have been merged into the notification center, which is accessible by clicking on the clock, which shows the number of notifications that the user received. Many legacy taskbar features such as the ability to move the taskbar to the top, left or right sides of the screen, showing window labels on taskbar icons, custom toolbars, the ability to show individual buttons for each open window on the taskbar, the ability to open jumplists by dragging upward on a taskbar button, the ability to peek at the desktop by hovering the mouse cursor over the Show Desktop button, the ability to increase the height of the taskbar by dragging the top border of the taskbar, and the ability to bring an app into focus by dragging a file to its button have been removed. The setting to change the icon size has also been removed from Settings, although it still supports small icons mode, as well as a large icons mode which is larger than the default size and it can be changed using the Registry Editor. All of the settings and shortcuts have been removed from the taskbar's right-click context menu now only showing a shortcut to taskbar settings.


The Tablet mode has been completely removed and many improvements were made to optimize the Windows desktop for touch usage such as spacing on the taskbar icons, spacing of elements in File Explorer, larger window resize hitboxes, automatic window arrangement when the display is rotated and new touch gestures. Custom and pre-made Themes for the Touch Keyboard have also been added along with a new pen menu.


The right-click context menus have also been redesigned and use acrylic material. The list of options is reduced to make it easier to use. However, the legacy context menu can be summoned by clicking on the Show more options button.


The search box has been removed, only showing the search icon. Additional buttons have been added to the taskbar such as the Widgets and Chat buttons. The Widgets button opens the Widgets panel which features a set of customizable user widgets and serves news from MSN. The Chat button opens the Microsoft Teams app which lets users' message and call their contacts instantly. The design of the Task View feature has also been refreshed and virtual desktops can now have their own desktop wallpapers.


The Segoe UI font which has been the default system font since Windows Vista has also been updated to a variable version called Segoe UI Variable. It can scale between different display resolutions more efficiently and has a more geometric look, enhancing the overall look of text on various UI surfaces.


The Aero Snap functionality has also seen many updates to make it easier to manage open windows. The animations when snapping and moving windows have been updated. Snap Layouts have been added and are accessed by hovering over a window's maximize button and it displays multiple Snap Layouts for tiling multiple windows onto the display. Snap groups have also been added which allows an arrangement of windows to be added to a group which can be minimized and restored from the taskbar as a snap group. When a display is disconnected from a multi-monitor configuration, the windows that were previously on the display will be minimized instead of moving to the main display. If the same display is reconnected again, the windows are restored to their prior location.


File Explorer also received major updates to the UI. The Ribbon UI seen since Windows 8 has been completely replaced by a new command bar which features redesigned navigation buttons, context menus and icons. The command bar also incorporates greater use of Mica transparency effects. An overflow menu was added which features many of the operations that were available in the Ribbon UI. Text elements are now also spaced by default to make File Explorer more user-friendly although it can be reverted back to its original appearance as it was in previous versions.


The design of the Settings app was heavily refreshed to incorporate greater use of transparency and rounded corners. It features a redesigned navigation pane that is shown on every page and lists all of the categories and navigational breadcrumbs were also added. Many settings pages have also been redesigned while also adding new pages to the app.


The design of the OOBE has also been revamped, and an internet connection and a Microsoft account is now required to setup the Home SKU of Windows 11. This limitation can be bypassed through the usage of a built-in command line script.


应用

Windows 11的许多内置应用被更改。

  • Internet Explorer完全被基于Chromium内核的Edge取代。然而，Edge提供IE Mode以访问经典网站。
  • The Microsoft Store app has been completely redesigned and expanded to allow classic desktop applications rather than being limited to just UWP applications and developers can now also use their own payment system rather than being limited to using Microsoft's own payment system.
  • The Xbox app has been completely updated with new features and a new design and serves as the front-end for Xbox content distributed on the Microsoft Store and also serves as the client for PC Game Pass.
  • Microsoft Teams is now integrated into the Windows 11 UI and can be accessed using the Chat button on the taskbar.
  • The legacy Snipping Tool and Snip & Sketch apps have been merged into the new Snipping Tool app. The new app features functionality from both apps and has a new UI that is similar to the legacy Snipping Tool.
  • The Calculator app has been completely rewritten in C# and includes a revamped design along with several new features.
  • The Paint and Notepad apps have been completely revamped and both apps feature a new UI with rounded corners. The Paint app received a new toolbar, a rounded color palette and new drop-down menus.
  • 新的媒体播放器取代了Groove音乐。它是经典媒体播放器的继承者，还提供了电影和电视的功能。
  • Windows基于安卓的子系统被添加，它可以安装和运行安卓应用程序。
  • Windows Terminal has been added as a replacement for the separate Windows Console and PowerShell applications.
  • Many built-in apps have been updated to align with the design of Windows 11.
  • The News & Interests taskbar flyout has been replaced by the Widgets panel which can be accessed using the Widgets button on the taskbar. Also, the functionality of the Live Titles has been moved to the Widgets panel as well.
  • Ease of Access has been renamed to simply Accessibility. Although, the old name can still be seen in some areas such as Control Panel.
  • The File History settings can only be configured using the Control Panel as the Settings app page for it has been removed.
  • The People button has been replaced by the Chat button.
  • 钱包功能被取消。
  • 小娜不再固定在任务栏，在OOBE中也被去除。
  • 数学输入面板不在提供。
  • The 3D Viewer, Paint 3D, Xbox Console Companion, OneNote for Windows 10 and Skype apps are no longer bundled with Windows 11. They can still be downloaded from the Microsoft Store.
Other changes
  • Auto HDR and DirectStorage technologies have been added for supported games. DirectStorage requires a DirectX 12 supported graphics card and an NVMe SSD.
  • x64 emulation has been added on ARM64 devices. (Graphics acceleration on x64 apps requires Qualcomm Snapdragon 8cx Gen 1 and newer.)
  • 时间线功能完全从任务视图移除。
  • The lock screen can no longer show Quick Status from compatible apps.
  • User-mode scheduling is no longer included.
  • The system tray can no longer be moved from the primary display.
  • 在开始菜单上不能创建文件夹和组。
  • 开始菜单不能调整大小。
  • 桌面壁纸不再在设备之间同步。
  • Small previews of images or videos on folder thumbnails are no longer displayed. A generic icon for folders containing videos or images is shown instead.
  • 在文件资源管理器中保存搜索的功能被移除。
  • 一些系统图标被移除。
  • The core system tray icons can no longer be hidden. Third-party system tray icons can still be hidden.
  • 触摸键盘不再停靠在大于18英寸的设备上。

22H2

用户界面

  • 任务栏的拖拽界面重新添加。
  • 开始菜单加入了文件夹分组功能，而且还加入了更多选项去查看固定的APP或者更多推荐的项目。
  • The Focus assist feature has been split to Focus and Do Not Disturb.
  • The design of the system hardware change indicators has been updated to better align with the UI.
  • The ability to view, connect and disconnect Bluetooth devices from the Quick Settings flyout has been added.
  • 此电脑、回收站和网络现在使用重新设计的右键菜单。
  • Win32程序标题栏现在使用Mica（云母)材质。
  • Enhancements to the Snap functionality.
  • Touch gestures have been improved.
  • The system print dialogs and the print queue window have received major UI redesigns. They now properly support dark mode and they now can automatically detect and install printers.

应用

  • 任务管理器被重新设计，它基于WinUI，效率模式被添加在其中。
  • The Xbox controller bar has been added which contains instant shortcuts to all PC game launchers installed on the device.
  • 默认APP加入Clipchamp和Microsoft家庭。
  • Windows Media Player被重命名为旧版Windows Media Player。
  • File Explorer updated the Quick Access page to support file pinning. It was also renamed to "Home".
  • “设置”APP加入了更多设置项，有些被整理。
  • Windows Update 将安装更新当更多能源可用。
  • Voice Access has been added as a modern replacement for the legacy Windows Speech Recognition feature.
  • System-wide Live Captions have been added.

杂项

  • 启动动画被更改。
  • The internet connection requirement during device setup has now been extended to the Pro edition.
  • Games running in windowed mode now properly support Auto HDR and VRR.
  • “智能APP控制”被添加。
  • Hyper-V ARM Generic Arch Timer support has been added.
  • Windows Sandbox, .NET Framework, and Internet Infomation Services (IIS) now have a version that runs natively on ARM64-based devices.
  • Added the /machine parameter to the start command, which specifies what architecture to start the process with (applicable to .NET Framework AnyCPU apps and ARM64X apps).
  • Attempting to run ARM32 apps on ARMv8 processors that do not support the ARMv7 instruction set will cause the "This app can't run on your PC" message to appear, rather than crashing directly in previous versions.

Moment 1更新

The Moment 1 update has been released to the public on 18 October 2022 with the release of build 22621.675 (KB5019509) as an optional update. It introduces tabs in the File Explorer as well as a new Open With dialog, which was redesigned in accordance with the Windows 11 design guidelines. The taskbar overflow experience has been updated, meaning that when the taskbar is full, an ellipsis button now appears that displays a popup with the icons that would not have fit. Suggested Actions, a feature that offers actions relevant to selected content, has also been added, although it is currently available only to North American users. Also, based on users feedback, the "Always show menus" option has been removed.

The Widgets taskbar button has also received some improvements and in addition to the already supported weather forecast information, it can now also show sports or finance tickers, or breaking alerts. The button will now also shrink in size if the taskbar gets too full. Furthermore, starting with this update, the legacy Console Host is replaced by the Windows Terminal as the default terminal application.

It is said that Windows 11 as of the Moment 1 update finally corresponds to the feature set planned for the original Sun Valley project.

Moment 2更新

The Moment 2 update has been introduced to a subset of users in the Beta Channel on 29 September 2022, starting with build 22623.730. So far, it contains a new tablet-optimized taskbar, as well as a reimplementation of the Win32 system tray icons, which now use the same hitbox graphic as other buttons in the taskbar corner. The "show hidden icons" flyout has been updated as well, featuring an animation and a shadow effect.

Widgets now got an updated UI, removing the old header in place of a new header that features two variants: a sidebar one, and a command bar one. Currently, this feature isn't being documented yet, but it is available to a subset of users.

The Search entry point also has been redesigned as well, however unlike their Copper counterpart, only three variants are available. Currently, this feature isn't being documented yet, but it is available to a subset of users.

Builds

  • 可用Build
  • 已确定存在的Build
  • 不能确定真实性的Build
  • Fake Build
  • 页面存在
  • 页面不存在

Pre-Insider Preview

Release to Manufacturing

Pre-General Availability

General Availability

Insider Preview (Cobalt Refresh)

Insider Preview (Nickel)

Base Version (22H2 Update)

Pre-General Availability (22H2 Update)

General Availability (22H2 Update)

Post General Availability (22H2 Update)

Pre-General Availability (22H2 Update Moment 1)

Pre-General Availability (22H2 Update Moment 2)

Insider Preview (Copper)

引用

Windows 11 - BetaWorld 百科

取自“http://wiki.betaheritage.org/index.php?title=Windows_11&oldid=3776”